Ancient paper-making methods
Taking the bamboo paper manufacturing method recorded in the volume of "Tiangong open matter" in ancient Chinese books as an example, this paper introduces the paper manufacturing method. In ancient times, the steps of bamboo paper making were as follows:
1. chop bamboo drift pond
Cut bamboo tender bamboo, put it into the pond, cut and bubble for more than 100 days, decompose and wash off bamboo green skin by natural microorganisms.
2. cook the fire
Put the bamboo in the bucket and cook with lime for eight days and eight nights.
3. mortar
Take out the bamboo treated above, put it into the mortar, knock it with a stone hammer until it is damaged and the shape is the same as the mud surface.
4. material swing in curtain
The damaged bamboo material is poured into the water tank and the bamboo curtain is used to swing the material in the water. The bamboo material is a thin layer attached to the bamboo curtain, and the rest of the water flows down the groove from the four sides of the bamboo curtain.
5. covering and pressing paper
Then the curtain will be repeated so that the wet paper falls on the board, that is, a sheet of paper. In this way, repeat the steps of the material swing and the curtain covering, make a sheet of wet paper stack thousands of sheets, and then press the top and board to squeeze most of the water.
6. baking through fire
The wet paper is lifted one by one and baked. The equipment for baking paper is to build the clay brick into a lane, which causes fire in the lane. After the temperature of the brick rises, the wet paper is used to drive the paper one by one
Modern paper-making
The modern paper-making procedure can be divided into pulping, modulation, copying, processing, and other main steps
1. the pulping process is the first step of papermaking. Generally, the methods of converting wood into pulp include mechanical pulping, chemical pulping, and semi-chemical pulping.
2. the modulation of paper material is another key point of papermaking. The strength, color, printing quality, and length of the paper storage period are directly related to the paper quality. The common modulation process can be divided into three steps: A. bulk B. beating C. glue and filling
3. the main work of paper making department in the process of making paper is to make the thin paper evenly interweaved and dehydrated, and then dry, calendered, rolled, cut, selected, and packed. Therefore, the common process is as follows: A. selection of paper materials The prepared paper is diluted to a lower concentration, and by means of screening equipment, impurities and fiber bundle are screened again to maintain quality and protect equipment. b. The net makes the paper flow from the box to the circular copper wire or plastic network and evenly distributed and interweaved. c. The wet paper removed from the mesh surface is led to the two rollers with a woolen cloth. By the squeezing of the roller and the water absorption of the cloth, the wet paper is further dehydrated, and the paper is closer to improve the paper surface and increase the strength. d. The moisture content of the wet paper after pressing in the drying cylinder is still 52-70%, and it is impossible to use mechanical force to press the moisture. Therefore, the wet paper is dried by passing through many inner hot steam cylinder surfaces. e. The paper roll is made into a paper roll by the paper winder F. cutting and packing: take multiple paper rolls which have been rolled into cylinder shape in front of the paper, cut them into a sheet of paper by the paper cutter, and then manually or mechanically select them to remove the damaged or stained paper, and finally wrap every 500 sheets into a package (usually called an order).